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Browse IssuesVolume 32 | Issue 2
ISSN (Print): 0964-9271
ISSN (Online): 2052-2940
Normally, cardiac physiology is able to meet the body's metabolic demand through sufficient cardiac output (CO) defined as stroke volume (ml) eg 70 ml, x heart rate (beats per minute) e.g. 70b pm, which is typically around 5 l/min (70 x 70). Stroke volume (SV) itself is affected by three factors:.