References

Bantz S. K, Zhu Z, Zheng T The Atopic March: Progression from Atopic Dermatitis to Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. Journal of clinical & cellular immunology. 2014; 5:(2) https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000202

Allergic Rhinitis: What Do We Know About Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy?. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2021.747323

Bousquet J, Anto J. M, Sousa-Pinto B, Czarlewski W, Bedbrook A, Haahtela T, Klimek L, Pfaar O, Kuna P, Kupczyk M, Regateiro F. S, Samolinski B, Valiulis A, Yorgancioglu A, Arnavielhe S, Basagaña X, Bergmann K. C, Bosnic-Anticevich S, Brussino L, Canonica G. W, Zuberbier T Digitally-enabled, patient-centred care in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity: The ARIA-MASK-air® approach. Clinical and translational allergy. 2023; 13:(1) https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12215

British Thoracic Society/Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (BTS/SIGN 2019) British Guideline on the Management of Asthma. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/quality-improvement/guidelines/asthma/

Brozek J. L, Bousquet J, Agache I, Agarwal A, Bachert C, Bosnic-Anticevich S, Brignardello-Petersen R, Canonica G. W, Casale T, Chavannes N. H, Correia de Sousa J, Cruz A. A, Cuello-Garcia C. A, Demoly P, Dykewicz M, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Florez I. D, Fokkens W, Fonseca J, Hellings P. W, Schünemann H. J Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2017; 140:(4)950-958 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.050

Managing Exacerbations in Thunderstorm Asthma: Current Insights. 2021. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S324282

Multi-morbidities of allergic rhinitis in adults: European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force Report. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-017-0153-z

Asthma-related deaths. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-016-0073-0

D’Amato G, Annesi-Maesano I, Urrutia-Pereira M, Del Giacco S, Rosario N. A, Chong-Neto H. J, Solé D, Ansotegui I, Cecchi L, Sanduzzi Zamparelli A, Tedeschini E, Biagioni B, Murrieta-Aguttes M, D’Amato M Thunderstorm allergy and asthma: state of the art. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine. 2021; 16:(1) https://doi.org/10.4081/mrm.2021.806

Global Initiative for Asthma. GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2022. https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/

Head K, Snidvongs K, Glew S, Scadding G, Schilder A. G, Philpott C, Hopkins C Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2018; 6:(6) https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012597.pub2

Hellings P. W, Scadding G, Bachert C, Bjermer L, Canonica G. W, Cardell L. O, Carney A. S, Constantinidis J, Deneyer L, Diamant Z, Durham S, Gevaert P, Harvey R, Hopkins C, Kjeldsen A, Klimek L, Lund V. J, Price D, Rimmer J, Ryan D, Fokkens W. J EUFOREA treatment algorithm for allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 2020; 58:(6)618-622 https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin20.246

Towards definitive management of allergic rhinitis: best use of new and established therapies. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-020-00436-y

Klimek L, Bergmann K. C, Biedermann T, Bousquet J, Hellings P, Jung K, Merk H, Olze H, Schlenter W, Stock P, Ring J, Wagenmann M, Wehrmann W, Mösges R, Pfaar O Visual analogue scales (VAS): Measuring instruments for the documentation of symptoms and therapy monitoring in cases of allergic rhinitis in everyday health care: Position Paper of the German Society of Allergology (AeDA) and the German Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), ENT Section, in collaboration with the working group on Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Environmental Medicine of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNOKHC). Allergo journal international. 2017; 26:(1)16-24 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-016-0006-7

Levy M. L, Bacharier L. B, Bateman E, Boulet L. P, Brightling C, Buhl R, Brusselle G, Cruz A. A, Drazen J. M, Duijts L, Fleming L, Inoue H, Ko F. W. S, Krishnan J. A, Mortimer K, Pitrez P. M, Sheikh A, Yorgancıolu A, Reddel H. K Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update. NPJ primary care respiratory medicine. 2023; 33:(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-023-00330-1

Paljarvi T, Forton J, Luciano S, Herttua K, Fazel S Analysis of Neuropsychiatric Diagnoses After Montelukast Initiation. JAMA network open. 2022; 5:(5) https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.13643

Patel G. B, Kern R. C, Bernstein J. A, Hae-Sim P, Peters A. T Current and Future Treatments of Rhinitis and Sinusitis. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. practice. 2020; 8:(5)1522-1531 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.01.031

Royal College of Physicians. Why asthma still kills. 2014. https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/why-asthma-still-kills

Satia I, Adatia A, Yaqoob S, Greene J. M, O’Byrne P. M, Killian K. J, Johnston N Emergency department visits and hospitalisations for asthma, COPD and respiratory tract infections: what is the role of respiratory viruses, and return to school in September, January and March?. ERJ open research. 2020; 6:(4)00593-2020 https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00593-2020

Takemura M, Inoue D, Takamatsu K, Itotani R, Ishitoko M, Sakuramoto M, Fukui M Co-existence and seasonal variation in rhinitis and asthma symptoms in patients with asthma. Respiratory investigation. 2016; 54:(5)320-326 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2016.05.006

Wise S. K, Lin S. Y, Toskala E, Orlandi R. R, Akdis C. A, Alt J. A, Azar A, Baroody F. M, Bachert C, Canonica G. W, Chacko T, Cingi C, Ciprandi G, Corey J, Cox L. S, Creticos P. S, Custovic A, Damask C, DeConde A, DelGaudio J. M, Zacharek M International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2018; 8:(2)108-352 https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22073

Yu H. R, Lin C. R, Tsai J. H, Hsieh Y. T, Tsai T. A, Tsai C. K, Lee Y. C, Liu T. Y, Tsai C. M, Chen C. C, Chang C. H, Hsu T. Y, Niu C. K A Multifactorial Evaluation of the Effects of Air Pollution and Meteorological Factors on Asthma Exacerbation. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020; 17:(11) https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114010

Zuberi F. F, Haroon M. A, Haseeb A, Khuhawar S. M. Role of Montelukast in Asthma and Allergic rhinitis patients. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2020; 36:(7)1517-1522 https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2657

Respiratory medicine

Allergic rhinitis and asthma – one airway, one approach

02 October 2023
Clinical Focus
02 October 2023
Volume 34 · Issue 10

Abstract

It is crucial for practice nurses to understand how to determine the severity of symptoms of allergic rhinitis. In this article, Beverley Bostock discusses how nurses can identify the relationship between asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a condition which presents with symptoms such as a runny, itchy or blocked nose. It is also associated with ocular symptoms such as watering and itchy eyes. The symptoms of AR can significantly affect quality of life and the ability to take part in day-to-day activities. The impact can be felt from the condition alone or through the effect it can have on other conditions, most notably asthma.

In this article we consider the importance of making a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and determine the severity of symptoms so that appropriate treatment strategies and ongoing management can be implemented.

By the end of this article, readers should be able to:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a condition which affects the nasal mucosa and, in some cases, other organs including the eyes, palate, and lungs (Hossenbaccus et al 2020). The condition results from an IgE-mediated reaction to airborne allergens (Bantz, Zhu & Zheng 2014). These allergens vary throughout the year and from person to person and might include pollen, moulds, house dust mite and animals. People with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) will develop symptoms when they are exposed to a specific seasonal allergen (or allergens). Other people will experience year-round symptoms and are said to have perennial AR (PAR). SAR is a key cause of an increase in asthma symptoms, exacerbations and deaths, especially in children and young people (Royal College of Physicians 2014, D’Amato et al 2016).

Register now to continue reading

Thank you for visiting Practice Nursing and reading some of our peer-reviewed resources for general practice nurses. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:

What's included

  • Limited access to clinical or professional articles

  • New content and clinical newsletter updates each month

Register
Or continue by

Signing in with your registered email address