References
FGM: raising awareness in community-based health practice
Abstract
FGM occurs in the UK, therefore every health professional working with women must be aware of this illegal practice and the effects it has on survivors. Carmel Bagness explains how professional curiosity and cultural competence are necessary skills
Female genital mutilation (FGM) causes major challenges for many girls and women wishing to live a normal and fulfilled life. The physical, psychological and/or psychosexual damage can adversely impact their ability to live a healthy life. Health professionals have an important role to play in caring for girls and women who have experienced FGM. Exercising their professional curiosity and cultural competence can help to eradicate this violation of human rights that many girls and women continue to experience across the UK.
Female genital mutilation (FGM) has made headlines over the past few years; however, although many people will have heard the term, it is not always clear how much is understood about FGM. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines FGM as:
‘all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.’
(WHO, 2018).
FGM is when someone deliberately and intentionally alters and causes injury to female genitalia. It has no health benefits and can lead to serious morbidity and mortality in girls and women. The lasting physical and psychological trauma caused by FGM can have lifelong effects and complications. The history and current practices of FGM are well documented elsewhere (Royal College of Nursing (RCN), 2016; WHO, 2018).
FGM is also referred to as female genital cutting and female circumcision; however, this terminology implies the practice is similar to male circumcision. The degree of cutting is far more extensive and will often significantly impair sexual and reproductive functions and the ability to pass urine. The justifications for performing FGM vary widely between individuals, families and communities, as well as across different countries, where FGM is not illegal and can be performed openly.
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