References
HIV transmission, prevention, treatment and care: part two

Abstract
In part two of this series, Ian Peate explains the role of nurses in managing patients with long term HIV. Additionally, treatment options such as antiretroviral therapy are discussed
This article explores human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the primary care setting, emphasising the role of the nurse in caring for people with HIV and the expanding responsibilities in providing comprehensive management. The diagnostic process stresses early and accurate detection, confirmatory testing, follow-up procedures and addressing the psychological impact of diagnosis with initial patient support. Treatment options are reviewed, including an overview of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens, individualised treatment planning, monitoring for efficacy, managing drug resistance and exploring emerging therapies.
HIV is no longer a terminal illness it has transitioned into a manageable chronic health condition as a result of advances in research and treatment (Public Health England, 2016). While HIV can have significant and multifaceted effects on the health and well-being of individuals, early diagnosis and effective treatment have revolutionised its management and prognosis.
Between 2022 and 2023, the number of people tested in all sexual health services rose compared to testing levels seen in 2019. Compared to 2019, there was a decline in the number of heterosexual and bisexual women tested and a drop in heterosexual men tested in 2023. However, the number of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) tested increased (UKHSA 2023).
Among heterosexual people of Black African ethnicity, the number tested increased in 2023, with a stable positivity rate, suggesting ongoing transmission. For GBMSM, the number tested increased in 2023, with positivity falling in 2022 and 2023, indicating a possible decrease in transmission.
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