Normally, cardiac physiology is able to meet the body's metabolic demand through sufficient cardiac output (CO) defined as stroke volume (ml) eg 70 ml, x heart rate (beats per minute) e.g. 70b pm,...
In a speech on the future of healthcare delivered in July 2020, Matt Hancock, the secretary of state for health and social care, said that ‘Coronavirus has catalysed deep structural shifts in...
Post-menopausal bleeding is defined as unscheduled vaginal bleeding that occurs a year after the last natural menstrual period (SIGN, 2002), or any breakthrough bleeding on cyclical HRT, or...
The virus responsible for the disease known as COVID-19 was identified as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which belongs to the coronavirus group of viruses that commonly...
Eating disorders most often develop between the age of 15 and 35 years. With approximately 0.3–0.5% of the population up to 18 years developing anorexia nervosa, it is nevertheless a relatively rare...
On 4 July 2020, UK travel advice changed, with exemptions for travelling to certain countries and territories no longer considered to pose an unacceptably high risk for UK travellers. The UK...
In relation to changes that occur within the epidermis, proliferation of keratinocytes reduces leading to a slower rate of epidermal turnover (Farage et al, 2013). The main role of keratinocytes is to...
Sepsis is a life-threatening and common condition prompted by a microbial infection that causes the immune system of the body to react robustly; failure to provide timely treatment could lead to death...
The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study found that people with tighter glycaemic control (HbA1c <42 mmol/mol) had excessive mortality, particularly in those with multiple...
The first part of the mnemonic, SAFER, has two purposes. Firstly, to ensure that the clinician comes to the consultation with the medical knowledge, along with the clinical assessment skills and...
There are several recognised risk factors for hearing loss in adults that practice nurses should be aware of..
Vaccines, like all biological substances, degrade over time. Exposure to extremes of heat, cold, sunlight or fluorescent light can accelerate this process. Recommended temperature ranges are detailed...
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